Good morning and thank you for the invitation to speak to you today. It is a pleasure to meet with staff of the World Bank, with whom we are working ever more closely on the development of the global accountancy profession. One of the reasons for our visit today is to explore with the Bank whether there are areas in which this cooperation could be extended or deepened. Our organizations share a mutual aspiration to contribute to the integral development of the countries around the world. When I speak about integral development, I refer to a development that reaches both the economic, the social and the cultural spheres.

Good morning ladies and gentlemen. It is a pleasure to be here with you for this CFO/CFO forum. I would like to thank the new President of the South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA), Mr. Indrajith Fernando, for his kind invitation to address you this morning.

Since its founding in 1984, SAFA has been an example of how regional integration and collaboration can help to strengthen the global profession. so that together we can more effectively contribute to the integral development around the world. When I speak about integral development, I refer to a development that reaches both the economic, the social and the cultural spheres.

Good morning ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for inviting me to speak before you today on a topic that I think is critical to the well being of Sri Lanka and to other countries both in South Asia and worldwide: that is, the importance of corporate governance in the public sector. It is a topic that is receiving increasing attention from the media, the public and governments themselves, although it has been long been of importance to the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC).

For twenty years, IFAC has been working to improve the financial reporting and financial management of governments at all levels - national, state and provincial, and local - as well as that of other public sector entities worldwide. The fiscal accountability of governments is central to enhancing economic growth and development worldwide - one of IFAC's most important goals. Failing to hold governments to account, can, I believe, compromise and even jeopardize ongoing private sector initiatives to building and maintaining confidence in the financial reporting process, lead to friction within government management, and, in less stable environments, result in significant citizen unrest.

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. It is a pleasure to be here with you today for the induction of the twenty-third President of the South Asian Federation of Accountants. I would like to congratulate Mr. Indrajith Fernando on his appointment as your new President, and I look forward to working with him in the coming year.

Good morning ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests. Before starting my presentation I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and its President for inviting me to speak at this conference. It is a real pleasure to be here in India. India certainly lives up to the promise of the Incredible India! Tourist adverts! Delegates, the object of my presentation is to explain how the International Federation of Accountants, and in particular its Small and Medium Practices (SMP) Committee, seeks, in collaboration with IFAC member bodies, to help SMPs in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, and elsewhere. Before describing our activities let me open with a few introductory words on the SMP Committee.

Thank you very much for inviting me to participate in this conference. As evidenced by the membership of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), the profession here in India is continuing to grow and thrive. It mirrors, I believe, India's own growth and development.

To talk about the new era of the accountancy profession means talking about its future. It means considering the possible challenges and opportunities. Talking about the future does not necessarily imply the existence of a visible path, a well-defined road, but it does entail the need to define a destination, a goal, an objective. And it has to be a clear one.

As an organized profession, we need to know clearly where we stand and where we want to go. We need to understand our present, our current situation as professional accountants, and we need to analyze the context, so that we are able to face the future with the right understanding and the proper tools.

Thank you very much for inviting me to speak here in India. I am honored to be in the land of Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, Amartya Sen, Mira Nair, Gayatri Spivak, and so many other great leaders and thinkers. Your intellectual traditions and scientific achievements, including those in mathematics, astronomy, linguistics, and medicine are remarkable and I admire your country for its support of democratic ideals. The American writer Mark Twain has called India "the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grand mother of tradition."

As the largest democracy in the world, your struggles and your triumphs are an inspiration for other countries not only in your region but around the world. Your country has made much progress toward economic liberalization and global integration, and I believe that the accountancy profession has played and will continue to play a key role in these processes.

The International Federation of Accountants is proud to count the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) among its 155 members. As a founding member of IFAC, you have demonstrated a long-term commitment to the international accountancy profession and its role in protecting the public interest.

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for inviting me to speak before you today on a topic that I think is critical to the well being of India and to other countries worldwide: that is government financial reporting. It is a topic that is receiving increasing attention from the media, the public and governments themselves, although it has long been of importance to the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC).

It is an issue of significance at all levels of government, including city government. For twenty years, IFAC has been working to improve the financial reporting and financial management of governments at all levels - national, state and provincial, and local - as well as that of other public sector entities worldwide. The fiscal accountability of governments is central to enhancing economic growth and development - one of IFAC's most important goals. Failure to hold governments accountable, can, I believe, compromise and jeopardize private sector initiatives directed at building and maintaining confidence in the financial reporting process, as well as diminishing confidence in democratic processes.

The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) has released International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) which identify disclosures to be made by governments and other public sector entities that make their approved budgets publicly available. These disclosures will contribute greatly to improving accountability by helping readers to compare budget amounts with actual amounts arising from carrying out the budget.

A new standard, IPSAS 24, Presentation of Budget Information in Financial Statements, applies to entities that adopt the accrual basis of financial reporting. In addition, the cash basis IPSAS, Financial Reporting under the Cash Basis of Accounting, has been updated to include both required and encouraged disclosures that apply to entities that adopt the cash basis of financial reporting.

Both standards require that a comparison of budget and actual amounts for the reporting period be included in the financial statements. They also require explanations for material differences between the budget and actual amounts in the notes to the financial statements or in a separate report issued in conjunction with those statements.

"Reporting the actual amounts resulting from execution of budget against the approved budget and explaining the variance will enhance the transparency of financial statements," states Philippe Adhémar, immediate past Chair of the IPSASB who oversaw the development of the new standards. "Compliance with the standards enables public sector entities to better discharge their accountability obligations by demonstrating compliance with the approved budget for which they are held publicly accountable."

IPSAS 24 and Financial Reporting under the Cash Basis of Accounting can be downloaded from the IFAC online bookstore: http://www.ifac.org/store. Both standards will also be included in the 2007 edition of the Handbook of International Public Sector Pronouncements.

IFAC is the worldwide organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 155 members and associates in 118 countries, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry and commerce. In addition to setting international public sector financial reporting standards through the IPSASB, IFAC, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets ethics, auditing and assurance, and education standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high quality performance by professional accountants in business.

The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), an independent standard-setting board under the auspices of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), has issued the first four final International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) redrafted as part of its comprehensive program to enhance the clarity of its standards. It has also approved amendments to the Preface to International Standards on Quality Control, Auditing, Review, Other Assurance and Related Services, which establishes the conventions to be used by the IAASB in drafting future ISAs and the obligations of auditors who follow those standards. A report developed by the IAASB staff on the status of the IAASB's clarity project was also released summarizing these and other developments. New ISAsThe IAASB has issued the following four redrafted standards:

• ISA 240, The Auditor's Responsibilities Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial Statements;
• ISA 300, Planning an Audit of Financial Statements;
• ISA 315, Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement Through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment; and
• ISA 330, The Auditor's Responses to Assessed Risks.

The four redrafted ISAs and the amended Preface were exposed for public comment in October 2005. The IAASB refined its clarity drafting conventions based on the comments received to the exposure drafts and after extensive consultation with interested parties, such as the IAASB's Consultative Advisory Group and national auditing standard setters. In developing these final standards, the IAASB improved the consistency with which the conventions were applied to the ISAs and considered the need for them to be applicable to audits of entities of all sizes.

"The release of these final ISAs in the new drafting style represents an important milestone for the IAASB as it works to improve the clarity of its international standards," states John Kellas, IAASB Chairman. "The IAASB is satisfied that these four redrafted ISAs are clearer and the expectation of consistent application by professional accountants worldwide has been strengthened. We are now proceeding with the application of the clarity conventions to all the ISAs."

The four redrafted ISAs have a provisional effective date for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after December 15, 2008. While the final common effective date for all redrafted ISAs will be determined as the IAASB's agenda progresses, it will not be earlier than December 15, 2008. The amended Preface contains important statements about the authority of the IAASB's standards.

In order to embed these within the ISAs themselves, the IAASB intends to revise ISA 200, Objective and General Principles Governing an Audit of Financial Statements to incorporate relevant provisions of the amended Preface. When ISA 200 is revised and exposed for public comment in 2007, respondents will be invited to comment on the material derived from the amended Preface in that new context. Clarity Project Update Progress that the IAASB has made so far and the direction it plans to take as it continues to redraft standards is outlined in the report Status of the IAASB's Work to Improve the Clarity of Its Standards. This staff report describes the main changes to the IAASB's standards arising from the application of its clarity drafting conventions and explains the IAASB's approach to implementing the conventions to all ISAs. How to Access The four ISAs and the Preface may be downloaded free-of-charge from the IFAC online bookstore at http://www.ifac.org/store. They will also be included in the 2007 Handbook of International Auditing, Assurance, and Ethics Pronouncements. The status report on the clarity project may be downloaded from the IAASB's website at http://www.iaasb.org.

About the IAASB and IFAC The objective of the IAASB is to serve the public interest by setting high quality auditing and assurance standards and by facilitating the convergence of international and national standards, thereby enhancing the quality and uniformity of practice throughout the world and strengthening public confidence in the global auditing and assurance profession. The Public Interest Oversight Board oversees the activities of the IAASB and, as one element of that oversight, establishes its due process and working procedures.

IFAC is the worldwide organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 155 members and associates in 118 countries, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry and commerce. In addition to setting international auditing and assurance standards through the IAASB, IFAC, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets international ethics, education, and public sector accounting standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high quality performance by professional accountants in business.